Computer Architecture

Brief introduction to computer organization, representation of data, bits and bytes, Number System (binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal), Representation of integers, real numbers, positive and negative numbers. Binary arithmetic.
Representation of characters: BCD, ASCII, EBCDIC Codes, Weighed Codes, Self Complementary Codes, Error Detecting Codes and Error correcting Codes (Parity, Gray & hamming Codes).

Digital Logic Circuits: Digital Computer, Logic Gates, simple concepts and theorems of Boolean Algebra,Map Simplification, Combinational Circuits, Flip Flops, Sequential Circuits.
Register Transfer and Micro-operation: Register Transfer Language, Register Transfer
Bus and Memory Transfer: Three state bus buffers, Memory Transfer
Arithmetic Micro-operations: Binary Adder, Binary Adder-Subtrator, Binary Incrementor
Logic Micro-operations: List of Logic micro operations; Shift Micro-operations, Arithmetic Logic Shift Unit.

Central Processing Unit: Introduction, General Register Organization, Stack Organization, Instruction Formats, Addressing Modes.
Computer Arithmetic: Introduction, Addition and Subtraction, Multiplication Algorithm, Division Algorithm.

Input-Output Organization: Peripheral Devices, Input-Output Interface, Modes of Transfer, Priority interrupts, DMA.
Memory Organization: Memory Hierarchy, Main Memory, Auxiliary Memory.

Memory Organization: Associative Memory, Cache Memory, Virtual Memory.
Multiprocessors: Characteristics of Multiprocessors, Interconnection Structures, Interprocessor Arbitration, Interprocessor Communication and Synchronization, Cache Coherence.