Database Management System

Overview of DBMS, Advantages of DBMS, Basic DBMS terminology, Database System v/s File System, Data Independence, Architecture of DBMS, Introduction to data models: Relational Model, Network Model, Hierarchical Model, Entity-Relationship Model, Comparison of network, hierarchical and relational models.

ER model concepts, Types of Relationships, notation for ER diagram, Reduction of ER-Diagrams to Relational Model, mapping constraints, Generalization, Aggregation, Specialization, Extended ER model, relationships of higher degree.

Storage Organizations for Relations, Relational Algebra, Set Operations, Relational Calculus, Concepts of Alternate key, candidate key, primary key, Foreign key, Integrity Rules, Data Dictionary.

Functional dependencies, normal forms, first, second, third normal forms, BCNF, inclusion dependencies, loss less join decompositions, normalization using FD, MVD, and JDs, alternative approaches to database design.

Characteristics of SQL, Advantages of SQL, SQL data types and literals, Types of SQL commands: DDL, DML, TCL, DCL, SQL operators, Tables, views and indexes, Constraints Group By and Having Clause, Order By Clause, Queries and sub queries, Aggregate Functions, Numeric Functions, String Functions, Date & Time Functions, Insert, Update and Delete operations, Unions, Intersection, Minus, Joins: Equi-Join, Natural Join, Self Join, Inner Join, Outer Join.