PROGRAMMING IN ‘C’

Introduction to computers: Machine Languages, Assembly Languages and High level Languages, The history of C, The C standard library, Structured Programming, the basics of a typical C program Development Environment.

Introduction to ‘C’ programming: Introduction, A Simple C program, Memory Concepts, Arithmetic in C.

Structured Program Development in C: Introduction, Algorithm, Flowchart, Pseudo code, Control structures, if selection structure, if/else selection structure.

Structured Program Development in C: The while repetition structure, Counter Controlled Repetition, Sentinel Controlled Repetition, Nested control structures, Assignment operators, Increment and Decrement operators.

C Program control: Introduction, Essentials of repetition, The for repetition structure, for structure, The switch Multiple selection structure, The do/while repetition structure, the break and continue statements, Logical operators, Equality and Assignment operators.

C Functions: Introduction, Program Modules in C, Math Library Functions, Functions, Functions Definitions, Function Prototypes, Header Files, Calling Functions: Call by Value and Call by reference, Storage Classes, Scope rules, Recursion, Recursion vs. Iteration.

C Arrays: Declaring Arrays, Passing Arrays to Functions, Sorting arrays (Bubble Sort), Searching (Linear, Binary Search), Multiple-Subscripted Arrays.

C Pointers: Introduction, Pointer variable declaration and initialization, Pointer operators, Calling functions by reference, Const qualifier, Pointer Expressions and pointer arithmetic, Relationship between pointers and Arrays, Arrays of Pointers.

C characters and Strings: Introduction, Fundamentals of Strings and characters, Character and String Handling Library, String conversions and comparison functions.

C Formatted Input/Output: Streams, formatting output with printf, Printing: Integers, Floating point numbers, Strings, Characters. Field Widths and Precisions, Flags in print format control string, Escape sequences, formatted input with scanf.

C structures, Unions, Bit Manipulations and Enumerations: Introduction, Structure Definition, Initializing structures, Accessing Members of structures, typedef, Union, Bitwise operators, Bit Fields, Enumerated Constants