Programming Concepts in C

Computer languages: Analogy with Natural Languages, Machine Language, Assembly Language, Assembler, High-Level Language, Compiler, Interpreter, Object-Oriented Programming Languages, Fundamental Concepts of OOP, Procedure-oriented versus Object-oriented Programming, Advantages of OOP, Evolution of OOP Languages, Characteristics of a Good Programming Language, Selecting a Language for Coding an Application, Subprogram, Preprocessor, Scripting Languages, Fourth-Generation Languages(4GLs), 5 GLs. Planning the computer program: Purpose of Program Planning; Algorithms, Quality of Algorithms, Representation of Algorithms.

Flowcharts, Symbols, Flowcharting Rules, Advantages and Limitations of Flowcharts, Flowchart based on simple computations, iterations, series problems. Execution Trace. Pseudo code, Pseudo code for Basic Logic (Control) Structures, Advantage and Limitations of Pseudo code. System implementation and operation: Testing and Debugging, Definition of Testing and Debugging, Types of Program Errors, Testing a Program, Debugging a Program for Syntax Errors, Debugging a Program for Logic Errors, Difference between Testing and Debugging, Documentation, Need for Documentation, Forms of Documentation.

C Programming Language, History of C, The C standard library. C program Development Environment: Character set, C Tokens, Keywords, Identifiers, Variables, Constant, Comments, Structure of Simple C program. Data Types, Operators & Expressions: Types of operators, Precedence and Associatively, Expression, Statement and types of statements.

C Formatted Input / Output: Streams, formatting output with printf, Printing: Integers, Floating point numbers, Strings, Characters. Field Widths and Precisions, Flags in print format control string, Escape sequences, formatted input with scanf. Built-in I/O functions: getch( ), getchar( ), putchar( ). Introductory Concept of header files, Preprocessor directives: #include, #define. Control structures: if selection structure, if/else selection structure.

Control Structures: Switch-case, while repetition structure, Counter Controlled Repetition, Sentinel Controlled Repetition, do/while repetition structure, for repetition structure, Nested control structures. goto, break and continue statements.