Department Events
Research Methodology & Special Skills
This course will enable students to understand and known:
- Research Methodology
- Statistical Methods
- Errors in Observation & calculations
- Numerical Methods
- Research: Meaning, Definition, Methodology, Research process, Criterion of good research
- Types of Research: Fundamental or Basic, Applied, Historical, Descriptive, Analytical quantitative, qualitative, Conceptual Experimental, Case study
- Research Design: Meaning, Concepts, need, designs for different types of research; library, laboratory and field research; Advantages of Designing Research
- Research Problem and Developing Research proposal: Selection of research area and topic, statement of the research problem, its scope, steps involved in defining the problem.
- Literature Search: Reviewing related literature, referencing, abstracting, Computer search, bibliography, evaluation of the problem.
- Defining concepts, objectives, basic assumptions, delimitations and limitations of the problem, Statement of Hypothesis.
- Variables: Independent and dependent variables, qualitative and quantitative variables, discrete and continuous variables, confounding variables, methods of controlling variables. Measurement of variables.
- Sampling: Meaning, Characteristics of a good sample design, steps in sampling design, types, advantages
- Techniques of Data Collection:
- Primary data: Questionnaire, Schedules, Interview observation & other methods
- Secondary data: Reliability, suitability & Adequacy of data.
- Processing and Analysis of Data: Processing Operations: Editing, coding, classification and tabulation of data, Elements of Data Analysis, Role of statistics in Data Analysis. Statistical Tables
Report writing: Types, Format
- Probability: Basic Aspects, probability of combination of events, probability distribution of random variable
- Statistical Methods: Measures of Central tendency- Arithmetic Mean, absolute measures of dispersion, coefficient of variation.
- Regression and Correlation: Least square method of fitting a regression line, correlation coefficient(Karl Pearson and Rank).
· Common Distribution functions: Binomial probability distribution, Poisson distribution and normal distribution curve.
Errors in Experiments: Errors in observations: random errors, systematic errors; Normal law of errors; Average error, Standard error and probable error; significant figures; percentage error.
Errors in Calculations: Approximate numbers and significant figures; Rounding of numbers; Absolute and relative errors, Relation between relative Error and significant figures; General formula for Errors; Application of Error formulas to fundamental operations of Arithmetics.
- Numerical Analysis:
Solution of algebraic and transcendental equations:Bisection method, Regula-Falsi method, Iteration method, Newton-Raphson method, rate of convergence of Newton’s method.Newton’s forward and backward formulae of differences, Lagrange’s interpolation formula, Newton’s general interpolation formula.
Numerical integration: Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s 1/3rd rule, Simpson’s 3/8th rule and their error estimation.
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Aberth Oliver, Precise Numerical Methods using C++.
Agarwal, J.C. (1989) Educational Research – An Introduction, New Delhi: Arya Book Depot.
Ahuja Ram (2006) Research Methods, Jaipur: Rawat Publication
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Prakash, S.(2006) Theory of Sampling, Xeroxa: BIMTECH
Reddy, C.R., Research Methodology in social sciences, New Delhi: Daya Publishing House.
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