Research Methodology & Special Skills

Paper Code: 
CSC-141
Credits: 
04
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

This course will enable students to understand and known:

  • Research Methodology
  • Statistical Methods
  • Errors in Observation & calculations
  • Numerical Methods

 

12.00
Unit I: 
  • Research: Meaning, Definition, Methodology, Research process, Criterion of good research 

 

  • Types of Research: Fundamental or Basic, Applied, Historical, Descriptive, Analytical quantitative, qualitative, Conceptual   Experimental, Case study

 

  • Research Design: Meaning, Concepts, need,  designs for different types of research; library, laboratory and field research; Advantages of Designing Research

 

  • Research Problem and Developing Research proposal: Selection of research area and topic, statement of the research problem, its scope, steps involved in defining the problem.

 

  • Literature Search: Reviewing related literature, referencing, abstracting, Computer search, bibliography, evaluation of the problem.

 

  • Defining concepts, objectives, basic assumptions, delimitations and limitations of the problem, Statement of Hypothesis.   

 

12.00
Unit II: 
  • Variables: Independent and dependent variables, qualitative and quantitative variables, discrete and continuous variables, confounding variables, methods of controlling variables. Measurement of variables.

 

  • Sampling:  Meaning, Characteristics of a good sample design, steps in sampling design, types, advantages

 

  • Techniques of Data Collection:
  • Primary data: Questionnaire, Schedules, Interview observation & other methods
  • Secondary data: Reliability, suitability & Adequacy of data.

 

  • Processing and Analysis of Data: Processing Operations: Editing, coding, classification and tabulation of data, Elements of Data Analysis, Role of statistics in Data Analysis. Statistical Tables

 

  • Report writing: Types, Format

 

12.00
Unit III: 

·         Probability: Basic Aspects, probability of combination of events, probability distribution of random variable

 

·         Statistical Methods: Measures of Central tendency- Arithmetic Mean, absolute measures of dispersion, coefficient of variation. 

 

Regression and Correlation: Least square method of fitting a regression line, correlation coefficient(Karl Pearson and Rank). 

12.00
Unit IV: 

·         Common Distribution functions: Binomial probability distribution, Poisson distribution and normal distribution curve.

 

·         Errors in Experiments: Errors in observations: random errors, systematic errors; Normal law of errors; Average error, Standard error and probable error; significant figures; percentage error.

 

Errors in Calculations: Approximate numbers and significant figures; Rounding of numbers; Absolute and relative errors, Relation between relative Error and significant figures; General formula for Errors; Application of Error formulas to fundamental operations of Arithmetics. 

12.00
Unit V: 
  • Numerical Analysis:

Solution of algebraic and transcendental equations:

Bisection method, Regula-Falsi method, Iteration method, Newton-Raphson method, rate of convergence of Newton’s method.

 

Newton’s forward and backward formulae of differences, Lagrange’s interpolation formula, Newton’s general interpolation formula.

 

Numerical integration: Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s 1/3rd rule, Simpson’s 3/8th rule and their error estimation. 

 

ESSENTIAL READINGS: 
  1. Allen, R.G.D.(1958) Statistics for Economics, London: Allen & Unwin.

 

  1. Aberth Oliver, Precise Numerical Methods using C++.

 

  1. Agarwal, J.C. (1989) Educational Research – An Introduction, New Delhi: Arya Book Depot.

 

  1. Agrawal, B.L., Basic statistics, New Delhi: New Age publishers.

 

  1. Ahuja Ram (2006) Research Methods, Jaipur: Rawat Publication

 

  1. Anderson T.W. An Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis, New Delhi: Wiley Eastern Publication Ltd.

 

  1. Bernad Oste and Mensing R.W. (1975) Statistics in Research Ames: The Lowa State University Press.

 

  1. Best John W. and Kahn, James V. (2006) Research in Education, NEW Delhi: Prentice Hall of India.

 

  1. Best, J.W. (1989) Research in Education, New Delhi, Prentice Hall of India.

 

  1. Bjorck A., Numerical Methods for Least Squares.

 

  1. Bose, Pradip Kumar (1995) Research Methodology, New Delhi:ICSSR

 

  1. Braun, Robert, Introduction to Instrumental analysis; Mc.Graw Hill.

 

  1. Burns, Robert B.(2000) Introduction to Research Methods, New Delhi; Sage publications.

 

  1. Campbell, R. C. (1989) Statistics for Biologist, Cambridge University Press.

 

  1. Chandra, S.S. and Sharma, R.K., Research in Education, New Delhi: Atlantis Publishers.

 

  1. Chapra S.C. and Canale R.P., Numerical Methods for Engineers: With Software and Programming Applications.
  1. Chattopadhyay, D. and Rakshit, P.C. An Advance course  in Practical Physics Kolkata: New Central Book Agency(P) Ltd.

 

  1. Collins, G.W.II., Fundamental Numerical Methods and Data Analysis, Case     

     Western Reserve University Internet resource: www.freetechbooks.com/   

                    fundamental-numerical methods and data-analysis (458:html)

  1. Constantinides Alpis and Mostouf Navid, Numerical Methods for Chemical Engineers with MATLAB.

 

  1. E., Balagurusamy, Numerical Methods, Tata Mc. Graw Hill.

 

  1. Gerald, Applied Numerical Analysis, Addison Wesley Publishing Company

 

  1. Gourdin, Applied Numerical method, Prentice Hall of India.

 

  1. Hagood, M.J. and Price, D.O., Theory of sampling.

 

  1. Hamming Richard, Numerical Methods for Scientists and Engineers.

 

  1.  Hare, Anthony O, Numerical Methods for Physicists.  http://www.teaching.physics.ox.ac.uk/computing/numericalmethods/NMfP.pdf

 

  1. Jain M.K., and Iyengar, Numerical methods problems and solutions, New Age International Ltd.

 

  1. Kharab and Guenther, An Introduction to Numerical Methods: A-MATLAB Approach.

 

  1. Kothari, C.R. (1989) Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques, Bangalore: Wiley Eastern.

 

  1. Mahalanobis, P.G., Experiments in Statistical sampling, Calcutta: ISI.

 

  1. Maron, J.Melvin, Numerical Analysis a Practical Approach, New York. Macmillion Publishing Co.

 

  1. Peatman, J.G., Descriptive and sampling Statistics.

 

  1. Prakash, S.(2006) Theory of Sampling, Xeroxa: BIMTECH.

 

  1. Reddy, C.R., Research Methodology in social sciences, New Delhi: Daya Publishing House.

 

  1. Ropper, Karl R. (1968) The Logic of Scientific Discovery, London: Hutchinson.

 

  1. Rosander, A.C.(1965) Elements of Probability and Principles of Statistics, Calcutta: East West Press.
  1. Sarvavanavel, P.(2003) Research Methodology, Allahabad; Kitab Mahal.

 

 

  1. Saxena H.C., Finite difference and numerical analysis, New Delhi, S Chand & Co.

  

  1. Scarborough J.B., (1971) Numerical Mathematical Analysis, New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Pub. Co.

 

  1. Shanlla K.R. (2002) Research Methodology, New Delhi: National Publishing House.

 

  1. Sharma & Sharma, Numerical analysis, Agra, Ratan Prakashan Mandir.

 

  1. Weatherburu, C.E.A. (1946) A first course in Mathematical Statistics, Cambridge

 

  1. Young, P.V., (1988) Scientific Social Surveys & Research, New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India.

 

  1. Yule, G.V. and Kendall, M.G., An Introduction to the theory of statistics.

 

Academic Year: 
2020-21
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