RDBMS

Transaction Processing: Introduction to Transaction Processing, Transaction and System concepts, Desirable properties of Transactions. Characterizing Schedules Based on Recoverability, Characterizing Schedules Based on Serializability.

Concurrency control techniques: Locking techniques for concurrency control, Concurrency control based on Timestamp ordering.

Database recovery concepts: Recovery outline, Caching of Disk blocks, Write ahead logging, Steal/No Steal and Force/NoForce, Checkpoints in the System Log and Fuzzy Checkpointing, Transaction Rollback. Recovery Techniques Based on Deferred Update and on Immediate Update.

Database Integrity and Security: Domain constraints, Referential Integrity, Introduction to Assertions, Need for Triggers, Security violation and Authorization.

Relational Database Management Systems: A historical perspective, Basic structure of Oracle System, Database structure and its manipulation in Oracle, storage organization in Oracle.

ORACLE: Login Screen, Entering Name and Password, Data Types, Null values, comments, SQL command syntax.

SQL SELECT Statement, Displaying Table Structure (DESC command), using WHERE clause.

Operators: Relational operators, Logical operators.

Condition based on a range, list, pattern match.

Searching and Sorting: Searching for NULL (IS NULL), Sorting results (ORDER BY Clause), Sorting By Column Alias.

SQL Functions and Grouping: Types of SQL Function (Single Row/Multiple Row). Character Functions - Case Conversion, Character Manipulation, Numeric Functions, Date Functions.

Grouping result – Group By command, Having Clause.

Views: Create view command, Retrieving Data from a View, Querying a View, Modifying a View, Sequence, Index, and Synonyms.

Managing Constraints: Creating constraints, Unique, Primary Key, Default, Check and Foreign Key, table constraints, Dropping constraints, enabling and disabling constraints, deferring constraints checks.

Changing data with DML commands: INSERT INTO command, inserting values through substitution, inserting NULL values, inserting dates, inserting data from other table, ALTER TABLE command, Adding columns, modifying data-type and size of a column, modifying data with update command, DELETE, DROP TABLE & DROP VIEW command.

Transaction Control Commands: COMMIT, ROLLBACK and SAVEPOINT.

Data Control Language Commands:  Granting privileges, Revoking privileges.

Sub Queries: Concept of Sub-Query, Sub Query to Solve a Problem, Guidelines for Using Sub Queries, Types of Sub-Queries (Single Row and Multiple Row) and (Single Column and Multiple Column); Single Row Sub-Query and its Execution.

Displaying Data From Multiple Tables: Concept of Join, Result of Join, Cartesian Product and Generating Cartesian Product example using Mathematical Set), Types Of Joins, AND operator, Table Aliases.

Declaring Variables: About PL/SQL, PL/SQL Block Structure, Program Constructs, Types of Variables & its uses, Declaration, Naming Rules, Assigning Values to Variables,  Keywords, Scalar Data types, Base Scalar Data Types, Scalar Variable Declaration, %TYPE attribute: for variable declaration, Declaring Boolean Variables, PL/SQL Record Structure, Referencing Non-PL/SQL variables, DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE.

Writing Executable Statements: PL/SQL Block Syntax and Guidelines, SQL functions in Code, SQL Functions in PL/SQL, PL/SQL Functions, Data type Conversion, Nested Blocks and Variable Scope, Operators in PL/SQL, Using Bind Variables, Programming Guidelines, Determining Variable Scope, SQL Statements in PL/SQL, Retrieving data, Manipulating Data using PL/SQL; Inserting, Updating and Deleting Data, Naming Conventions.

Writing Control Structures: Controlling PL/SQL Flow of Execution, IF statements, IF-THEN-ELSE Statement, Building Logical Conditions, Logic Tables, Boolean Conditions; Iterative Controls.